北交22春《大学英语》在线拓展资源3

【语法知识】主动语态

主动语态的构成：

主动语态由助动词be的各种时态情势加及物动词的早年分词构成。比方：

Bread, ham and cheese have been altered. ( 现在实现时 )

Genetically engineered foods are produced. ( 一般现在时)

A soya bean had been genetically engineered. ( 早年实现时)

1.含无神态动词的主动语态

含无神态动词的主动语态机构是：“神态动词+ be +早年分词”。比方：

These new processes should be controlled.

The fat content can be reduced to make it healthier.

The project had to be abandoned.

2. 一般早年时的主动语态

2.1 有三种情况，常用主动语态：

(1)夸大举措的承受者，而不夸大施动者；

(2)不必说起施动者；

(3)不晓得施动者。

2.2 构造：主语＋be的早年式＋动词早年分词

(1)He was arrested yesterday. 他昨天被捕了。

(2)The festival and games were held in Olympia. 庆典与比赛在奥林匹亚举办。

(3)The marathon was introduced in the modern Olympic Games in 1896. 马拉松于1896年成为了现代奥运会的比赛项目。

2.3 假如须要阐明施动者，用介词by引出；假如须要标明利用了什么方法跟手段，用介词with。

(1)The modern games were founded in 1896 by the Baron de Coubertin. 顾拜旦男爵于1896年创办了现代（奥林匹克）活动会。

(2)The ceremony was opened by the baron with a speech. 男爵的谈话发布了典礼开端。

(3)The man was attacked with a knife. 那人遭（持）刀（者）袭击。

2.4 主动语态的否定式是在be的早年式后加not；一般疑问句的构成是将be的早年式置于句首；特别疑问句则要利用特别疑问词，并且be的早年式要置于主语之前。

(1)The Olympic torch relay was not introduced until 1932. 奥林匹克火把转达接力直到1932年才引入。

(2)Were the Olympic Games founded in Olympia? 奥运会创办于奥林匹亚吗？

(3)When were the Olympic Games founded? 奥运会是何时创办的？